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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestift</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия физико-технических наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-8358</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-244X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestift-306</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ, МЕТАЛЛУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIALS SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING, METALLURGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВЛИЯНИЕ РЕЖИМА ЭЛЕКТРОЛИЗА НА ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ «УСОВ» В ПОКРЫТИЯХ НА ОСНОВЕ ОЛОВА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE EFFECT OF ELECTROPLATING PARAMETERS ON TIN “WHISKERS” FORMATION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Василец</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilets</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник, научно-исследовательская лаборатория «Функциональные пленочные системы»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Research Laboratory “Functional electroplated systems”</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tbranz5@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хмыль</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khmyl</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор, научно-исследовательская лаборатория «Функциональные пленочные системы»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sc. (Engineering), Research Laboratory “Functional electroplated systems”</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hmyl@bsuir.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кушнер</surname><given-names>Л. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushner</surname><given-names>L. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник, научно-исследовательская лаборатория «Функциональные пленочные системы»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher, Research Laboratory “Functional electroplated systems”</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kushner@bsuir.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмар</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmar</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, научно-исследовательская лаборатория «Функциональные пленочные системы»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph. D. (Engineering), Research Laboratory “Functional electroplated systems”</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inna_kuzmar@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский государственный университет информатики и радиоэлектроники</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarussian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>08</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Василец В.К., Хмыль А.А., Кушнер Л.К., Кузьмар И.И., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Василец В.К., Хмыль А.А., Кушнер Л.К., Кузьмар И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasilets V.K., Khmyl A.A., Kushner L.K., Kuzmar I.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestift.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/306">https://vestift.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/306</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена исследованию потенциальных дефектов, которые могут появиться в тонкопленочных электрохимических покрытиях на основе олова, не содержащих свинца, при их длительном хранении. Целью исследования является разработка технологических режимов электролиза, обеспечивающих минимизацию вероятности появления таких дефектов и надежную работу радиоэлектронной аппаратуры. Рассмотрены проблемы применения олова и бессвинцовых сплавов на его основе в радиоэлектронике, а также методы борьбы с такими потенциальными дефектами, как образование «усов». Для контроля роста «усов» в послеэлектролизный период (12 месяцев естественного старения в условиях лаборатории) было выбрано покрытие Sn-Bi, которое формировали с использованием как постоянного, так и импульсно-реверсированного токов. На основании результатов, полученных с помощью растрового электронного микроскопа, установлено, что осаждение сплава с использованием импульсного и реверcированного тока не только улучшает структуру формируемых покрытий, но и существенно снижает склонность к образованию «усов», их длину и плотность на единицу площади в сравнении с покрытиями, полученными на постоянном токе. Установлены возможные причины достижения высокого качества электрохимических покрытий сплавом Sn-Bi. Наиболее медленный рост «усов» отмечен на реверсированном токе со средней плотностью i ср = 2 А/дм2, частоте f = 1 Гц и коэффициенте заполнения γ = 1,5. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the investigation of potential defects that can appear in thin-film electrochemical coatings based on tin, which do not contain lead, during their long storage. The purpose of the study is to develop technological regimes of electrolysis, which ensure minimization of the probability of the appearance such defects and reliable operation of radio electronic equipment The problems of tin and lead-free alloys based on it, as well as methods of elimination of such potential defects as the formation of “whiskers” are considered. To control the growth of “whiskers” in the post-electrolysis period (12 months of natural aging under laboratory conditions), a Sn-Bi coating was chosen, which was formed using both a constant and a pulse-reversed current. Based on the results which were obtained with scanning electron microscope, it was established that deposition of an alloy using pulsed and reverse current not only improves the structure of the coatings formed, but also significantly reduces the propensity to form whiskers, their length and density per unit area in comparison with coatings obtained with direct current. Possible reasons for achievement of high quality electrochemical coatings with Sn-Bi alloy have been established. The slowest growth of “whiskers” was obtained at reversed current with an average density i av= 2 A/dm2, frequency f = 1 Hz and duty ratio γ = 1.5. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бессвинцовые сплавы</kwd><kwd>нестационарный электролиз</kwd><kwd>«усы»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lead-free alloys</kwd><kwd>non-stationary electrolysis</kwd><kwd>“whiskers”</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаврилов, С. А. Электрохимические процессы в технологии микро- и наноэлектроники / С. А. Гаврилов, А. Н. Белов. – М.: Высш. образование, 2009. – 258 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavrilov S. A., Belov A. N. Electrochemical processes in the technology of micro and nanoelectronics. Moscow, Vysshee obrazovanie Publ., 2009. 258 p. 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