<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestift</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия физико-технических наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-8358</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-244X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1561-8358-2018-63-2-220-228</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestift-381</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭНЕРГЕТИКА, ТЕПЛО- И МАССООБМЕН</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POWER ENGINEERING, HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВЛИЯНИЕ ОБЩЕЙ ГАЗОВОЙ КРИОТЕРАПИИ  НА ТЕПЛОВОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ЧЕЛОВЕКА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE EFFECT OF WHOLE BODY GAS CRYOTHERAPY ON THE HUMAN THERMAL STATE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маханёк</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhaniok</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маханёк Александр Анатольевич – кандидат физико-математических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории нанопроцессов и технологий.</p><p>ул. П. Бровки, 15, 220072, Минск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aliaksandr A. Makhaniok – Ph. D. (Physics and Mathematics), Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Nanoprocess and Technologies.</p><p>15, P. Brovka Str., 220072, Minsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amakh@tut.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левин</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levin</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Левин Марк Львович – кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории нанопроцессов и технологий.</p><p>ул. П. Бровки, 15, 220072, Минск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mark L. Levin – Ph. D. (Engineering), Senior Researcher  of the Laboratory of Nanoprocess and Technologies</p><p>15, P. Brovka Str., 220072, Minsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marklvn@belhard.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт тепло- и массообмена имени А. В. Лыкова Национальной академии наук Беларуси.</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>220</fpage><lpage>228</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маханёк А.А., Левин М.Л., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маханёк А.А., Левин М.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makhaniok A.A., Levin M.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestift.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/381">https://vestift.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/381</self-uri><abstract><p>Лечебный эффект от процедуры общей газовой криотерапии (ОГКТ) достигается, когда средняя температура поверхности кожи человека (пациента) во время процедуры находится в определенном температурном диапазоне, а скорость уменьшения этой температуры превышает некоторое пороговое значение. В работе представлены результаты теоретического анализа теплового состояния пациента на этапе лечебного воздействия ОГКТ. Анализ основан на результатах численного моделирования распределения температуры в разных частях тела пациентов (мужчин) с телосложением (рост, см × масса, кг) 160 × 60, 175 × 75, 190 × 90. Особое внимание уделено взаимосвязи между величиной теплового потока, отводимого от поверхности кожи, и скоростью охлаждения кожных покровов пациента. Результаты численного моделирования представлены графически и обобщены в виде соотношения между без- размерной средней температурой кожных покровов на лечебном этапе процедуры ОГКТ и временем пребывания пациента в процедурной камере, отнесенном ко времени начала этого этапа. Применительно к ОГКТ с температурой газового хладагента от –160 до –110 °С обнаружены следующие закономерности: 1) примерное постоянство (ошибка менее 1 %) среднего значения коэффициента теплоотдачи от поверхности кожи в газовую среду процедурной камеры на протяжении лечебного этапа; 2) экспоненциальная зависимость величины интенсивности кожного кровотока (перфузии крови) от средней температуры охлаждаемых кожных покровов; 3) линейная зависимость от логарифма времени логарифма отношения скорости уменьшения температуры поверхности кожи к величине теплового потока, отводимой конвекцией и излучением плотности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The therapeutic effect of the whole body gas cryotherapy (WBGC) procedure is achieved when the average temperature of the human’s (patient’s) skin surface during the procedure is in a certain temperature range, and the rate of reduction of this temperature exceeds a certain threshold value. The paper presents the results of a theoretical analysis of the patient’s thermal state at the stage of the therapeutic effect of WBGC. The analysis was based on the results of the numerical simulation of temperature distribution in different parts of patients (mеn) of different body constitution (height, cm × mass, kg) 160 × 60, 175 × 75, 190 × 90. Particular attention was paid to the relationship between the amount of heat flow removed from the skin surface and the rate of cooling of the skin of a patient. The results of numerical modeling are presented graphically and are summarized as the ratio between the dimensionless average temperature of the skin at the treatment stage of the WBGC procedure and the time of the patient’s stay in the procedural chamber, referred to the time of the beginning of this stage. With regard to WBGC within the temperatures range of –160 to –110 °C the following regularities were found: 1) approximate constancy (descripancy less than 1 %) at the stage of therapeutic modality of the coefficient of heat transfer from the skin surface to the gas medium in the treatment chamber; 2) the exponential dependence of the value of cutaneous blood flow rate (blood perfusion) on the mean temperature of cooled cutaneous coverings; 3) linear dependence of the logarithm of the ratio of the rate of skin temperature reduction to the value of heat flux density removed by convection and radiation on the logarithm time.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>общая газовая криотерапия</kwd><kwd>холодовое воздействие</kwd><kwd>температура</kwd><kwd>теплообмен</kwd><kwd>тепловой поток</kwd><kwd>скорость уменьшения средней температуры кожного покрова</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>whole body gas cryotherapy</kwd><kwd>cold exposure</kwd><kwd>temperature</kwd><kwd>heat transfer</kwd><kwd>heat transfer</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. ANKTM1, a TRP-like Channel Expressed in Nociceptive Neurons, Is Activated by Cold Temperatures / G. M. Story [et al.] // Cell. – 2003. – Vol. 112, Iss. 6. – P. 819–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00158-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Story G. M., Peier A. M., Reeve A. J., Eid S. R., Mosbacher J., Hricik T. R., Earley T. J., Hergarden A. C., Andersson D. A., Sun Wook Hwang, Intyre P. Mc, Jegla T., Bevan S., Patapoutian A. ANKTM1, a TRP-like Channel Expressed in Nociceptive Neurons, Is Activated by Cold Temperatures. Cell, 2003, vol. 112, iss. 6, pp. 819–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00158-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ständer, S. Neuroreceptors and Mediators / S. Ständer, T. A. Luger // Neuroimmunology of the Skin / eds. R. D. Granstein, T. A. Luger. – Berlin ; Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2009. – P. 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-35989-0_2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ständer S., Luger T. A. Neuroreceptors and Mediators. Granstein R. D., Luger T. A. (eds.) Neuroimmunology of the Skin. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, 2009, pp. 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-35989-0_2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Molinary, H. H. The effect of rate of temperature change and adapting temperature on thermal sensitivity / H. H. Molinary, G. D. Greenspan, D. R. Krenshalo // Sensory Processes. – 1977. – Vol. 1, № 4. – P. 354–362.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molinary H. H., Greenspan G. D., Krenshalo D. R. The effect of rate of temperature change and adapting temperature on thermal sensitivity. Sensory Processes, 1977, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 354–362.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Роль терморецепции в функциональных изменениях эффекторных систем при термических воздействиях на организм / Т. В. Козырева [и др.] // Бюллетень СО РАМН. – 2004. – № 2. – С. 123–129.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozyreva T. V., Tkachenko E. Ya., Eliseeva L. S., Simonova T. G., Kozaruk V. N., Gonsales E. V., Lomakina S. V. The role of thermoreception in functional changes in effector systems under thermal effects on the body. Byulleten’ Sibirskogo otdeleniya Rossiiskoi akademii meditsinskikh nauk = Bulletin of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 2004, no. 2 (112), pp. 123–129 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зависимость формирования терморегуляторных реакций на охлаждение от типа активности кожных терморецепторов / Е. Я. Ткаченко [и др.] // Бюллетень СО РАМН. – 2010. – Т. 30, № 4. – С. 95–100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkachenko E. Ya., Kozaruk V. P., Khramova G. M., Voronova I. P., Meita E. S., Kozyreva T. V. Dependence of the formation of thermoregulatory reactions on cooling on the type of activity of cutaneous thermoreceptors. Byulleten’ Sibirskogo otdeleniya Rossiiskoi akademii meditsinskikh nauk = Bulletin of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 2010, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 95–100 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лавров, Н. А. Аспекты определения индикаторов дозирования общего криотерапевтического воздействия для получения эффекта криостимуляции / Н. А. Лавров, С. К. Савельев, Д. В. Курнасов // Труды IX Междунар. науч.-практ. конф. «Криотерапия в России», г. Санкт-Петербург, 12 мая 2016 г. – CПб.: Ун-т ИТМО, 2017. – С. 20–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lavrov N. A., Savel’ev S. K., Kurnasov D. V. Aspects of determining the dosing indicators of the total cryoteric effect for obtaining the cryostimulation effect. Trudy IX Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii “Krioterapiya v Rossii”, Sankt-Peterburg, 12 maya 2016 g.  [Proceedings 9th International Scientific and Practical Conference “Cryotherapy in Russia”, Saint Petersburg, May 12, 2016]. Saint Petersburg, ITMO University, 2017, pp. 20–28 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pennes, H. H. Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperatures in the resting human forearm / H. H. Pennes // J. Appl. Physiol. – 1948. – Vol. 1. – P. 93–122. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1948.1.2.93</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pennes H. H. Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperatures in the resting human forearm. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1948, vol. 1, pp. 93–122. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1948.1.2.93</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маханёк, А. А. Теплофизические аспекты общей газовой криотерапии / А. А. Маханёк, М. Л. Левин, В. Л. Драгун // Вес. Нац. акад. навук Беларусі. Сер. фіз.-тэхн. навук.  2011.  № 3.  С. 59–71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makhaniok A. A., Levin M. L., Dragun V. L. Thermophysical aspects of the whole body gas cryotherapy. Vestsi Natsyyanal’nai akademii navuk Belarusi. Seryya fizika-technichnych navuk = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series, 2011, no. 3, pp. 59–71 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu, X. A mathematical model for human brain cooling during cold-water near-drowning / X. Xu, P. Tikuisis, G. Giesbrecht // J. Appl. Physiol. – 1999. – Vol. 86, № 1. – P. 265–272. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.1.265</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu X., Tikuisis P., Giesbrecht G. A mathematical model for human brain cooling during cold-water near-drowning. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1999, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 265–272. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.1.265</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stolwijk, J. A. J. Temperature regulation in man – A theoretical study / J. A. J. Stolwijk, J. D. Hardy // Pflügers Archiv. – 1966. – Vol. 291, Iss. 2. – P. 129–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00412787</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stolwijk J. A. J., Hardy J. D. Temperature regulation in man – A theoretical study. Pflügers Archiv, 1966, vol. 291, iss. 2, pp. 129–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00412787</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stolwijk, J. A. J. Mathematical models of thermal regulation / J. A. J. Stolwijk // Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.  1980.  Vol. 335, Iss. 1.  P. 98106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stolwijk J. A. J. Mathematical models of thermal regulation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1980, vol. 335, iss. 1, pp. 98106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb50739.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левин, М. Л. Влияние некоторых факторов теплообмена при общей криотерапии на температуру кожных покровов / М. Л. Левин, А. А. Маханёк, В. Л. Драгун // Тр. II науч.-практ. конф. «Криотерапия в России», г. Санкт-Петербург, 14 мая 2009 г. – Санкт-Петербург, 2009. CПб.: Ун-т ИТМО  С. 80–103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levin M. L., Makhaniok A. A., Dragun V. L. Influence of some heat transfer factors in the whole body cryotherapy on the temperature of the skin. Trudy II Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii “Krioterapiya v Rossii”, Sankt-Peterburg, 14 maya 2009 g.  [Proceedings 2th International Scientific and Practical Conference Cryotherapy in Russia, Saint Petersburg, May 14, 2009]. Saint Petersburg, ITMO University, 2009, pp. 80–103 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Charny, C. K. A whole body thermal model of man during hyperthermia tissues / C. K. Charny, M. J. Hagmann, R. L. Levin // IEEE Trans. on Biomed. Eng. – 1987. – Vol. BME-34, Iss. 5. – P. 375–386. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.1987.325969</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Charny C. K., Hagmann M. J., Levin R. L. A whole body thermal model of man during hyperthermia tissues. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 1987, vol. BME-34, iss. 5, pp. 375–386. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.1987.325969</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
