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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestift</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия физико-технических наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-8358</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-244X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1561-8358-2021-66-1-28-36</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestift-646</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ, МЕТАЛЛУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIALS SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING, METALLURGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неравновесная термодинамическая модель для расчета диффузионных потоков при фазовых превращениях в легированных сталях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Non-equilibrium thermodynamics model for calculating diffusion fluxes under phase transformations in alloy steels</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобырь</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobyr</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бобырь Сергей Владимирович – доктор технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>1, площадь Академика Стародубова, 49107, Днепр, Украина</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Serhii V. Bobyr – D. Sc. (Engineering), Leading Researcher</p><p>1, Square of Academician Starodubov, 49107, Dnipro, Ukraine</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svbobyr@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт черной металлургии имени З. И. Некрасова Национальной академии наук Украины</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Iron and Steel Institute of Z. I. Nekrasov of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бобырь С.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бобырь С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bobyr S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestift.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/646">https://vestift.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/646</self-uri><abstract><p>Фазовые превращения в легированных сплавах железа с углеродом в значительной степени связаны с диффузией компонентов, в первую очередь с углеродом. Для анализа диффузионных процессов в легированных сталях можно использовать математические методы неравновесной термодинамики. Уравнения для диффузионных потоков системы содержит неизвестные в общем случае коэффициенты активности элементов и вакансий и их производные по концентрациям, что чрезвычайно затрудняет определение значений перекрестных коэффициентов. В статье разработана неравновесная термодинамическая методика расчета диффузионных потоков при наличии двух фаз в легированных сталях. Она позволяет рассчитать в уравнениях Онзагера как прямые, так и перекрестные коэффициенты. Приведены формулы расчета термодинамических сил для легированной стали – железа, легирующего элемента замещения – хрома, элемента введения – углерода и вакансий. Предложены общие выражения для расчета перекрестных коэффициентов, движущих сил и потоков в уравнениях Онзагера для многокомпонентной термодинамической системы. Приведен пример использования разработанной модели для поиска изменений концентраций и диффузионных потоков во времени. Для используемой модельной системы установлено, что на стадии преимущественной диффузии углерода в легированной стали включения цементита размером около 18 нм образуются довольно быстро (в течение ~ 200 с). Разработанная в статье методика позволяет проводить расчеты диффузионной кинетики в многокомпонентных термодинамических системах, которыми также являются сплавы железо-углерод, и контролировать размер образующихся фаз, например наночастиц карбидов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The phase transformations in alloyed iron-carbon alloys is largely related to diffusion of components, foremost to the carbon. For the analysis of diffusive processes in alloy steels, it is possible to use the mathematical methods of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The equation for the diffusive fluxes of the system contains unknown in general case of coefficients activity of elements and vacancies, and their derivatives for to the concentrations, that extraordinarily makes it difficult being of values of cross coefficients. In the article a non-equilibrium thermodynamics methodology of calculation of diffusive fluxes at presence of two phases in alloy steels is described. It allows one to calculate both direct- and cross coefficients in the Onsager equations. Formulas for calculation of thermodynamics forces in the alloy steel – for iron, alloying element of substitution – chrome, of element of introduction – carbon and vacancies, are presented. Common expressions are suggested for calculation of cross-factors, motive forces and fluxes in the Onsager’s equations for a multicomponent thermodynamic system. The example of using the developed model to find changes in concentrations and diffusion fluxes over time is given. For the model system used, it was established that at the stage of predominant diffusion of carbon in the alloy steel, cementite inclusions with a size of about 18 nm are formed rather quickly (within ~ 200 s). The technique developed in the article allows one to perform diffusion kinetics calculations in multicomponent thermodynamic systems, which are also iron-carbon alloys and to control the size of the phases formed, for example, of carbide nanoparticles.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неравновесная термодинамика</kwd><kwd>фазовые превращения</kwd><kwd>диффузионные потоки</kwd><kwd>движущие силы</kwd><kwd>перекрестные коэффициенты</kwd><kwd>легированные стали</kwd><kwd>наночастицы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-equilibrium thermodynamics</kwd><kwd>phase transformations</kwd><kwd>diffusion fluxes</kwd><kwd>motive forces</kwd><kwd>cross-factors</kwd><kwd>alloy steels</kwd><kwd>nanoparticle</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurdyumov G. V., Utevskiy L. M., Entin R. I. Transformations in Iron and Steel. 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