vestiftИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия физико-технических наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series1561-83582524-244XThe Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1561-8358-2021-66-4-483-495vestift-705Research ArticleРАДИОЭЛЕКТРОНИКА И ПРИБОРОСТРОЕНИЕRADIOELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENT-MAKINGОпределение пластичности металлов ударным вдавливанием сферического индентораDetermination of the plasticity of metals by impact indentation of a spherical indenterhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9658-1003КреньА. П.KrenA. P.

Крень Александр Петрович – доктор технических наук, заведующий лабораторией контактно-динамических методов контроля

ул. Академическая, 16, 220072, Минск, Республика Беларусь

Alexander P. Kren – D. Sc. (Engineering), Head of the Mechanical Testing Laboratory

16, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

alekspk@mail.ruИнститут прикладной физики Национальной академии наук БеларусиInstitute of Applied Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus202126122021664483495Copyright © Крень А.П., 20212021Крень А.П.Kren A.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestift.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/705

Рассмотрены вопросы измерения пластических характеристик металлов. Показано, что характеристики материалов, используемые для сравнения их пластичности, не являются сопоставимыми и зависят в разной степени от величины деформации, скорости деформации, модуля упругости. В то же время более физически обоснована величина пластичности, которая определяется по соотношению пластической деформации к общей деформации. Показано, что одним из оптимальных методов измерения пластичности (индекса пластичности) является индентирование. Изучена возможность применения для этой цели ударного микроиндентирования и предложены выражения, позволяющие рассчитать пластичность по результатам однократного вдавливания сферического индентора. Показаны особенности расчета деформации при данном виде испытаний. Установлено, что значения пластичности, получаемые исходя из соотношений глубин пластического и упругого внедрения индентора, эквивалентны значениям, рассчитываемым исходя из энергетических соотношений при ударе. Проведены экспериментальные исследования на металлах, имеющих различные твердость и вид кристаллической решетки. Впервые показано влияние скорости деформации, деформации и энергии удара (предударной скорости) на рассчитываемое значение пластичности при вдавливании сферы со скоростями деформации ~ 103 c–1. Показано, что при достижении деформации, соответствующей началу наступления полной пластичности при индентировании, достигается максимальная чувствительность измеряемого параметра пластичности для различных металлов.

The problems of measuring the plastic characteristics of metals are considered. It is shown that the characteristics of materials used to compare their plasticity are not comparable and depend in the different degrees on the values of strain, strain rate, and modulus of elasticity. At the same time, the value of plasticity is more physically substantiated, which is determined by the ratio of plastic strain to total strain. It is shown that one of the optimal methods for measuring plasticity (plasticity index) is indentation. The possibility of using impact microindentation for this purpose is studied and expressions are proposed that allow calculating the plasticity based on the results of a single indentation of a spherical indenter. The specialties of the calculation of strain for this type of testing are shown. It was found that the values of plasticity obtained from the ratios of the depths of the plastic and elastic penetration of the indenter are equivalent to the values calculated from the energy ratios upon impact. Experimental studies have been carried out on metals with different hardness and type of crystal lattice. For the first time, the effect of strain rate, deformation, and impact energy (initial impact velocity) on the calculated value of plasticity when a sphere is impressed with strain rates of ~ 103 s–1 is shown. It is shown that when the strain corresponding to the onset of full plasticity during indentation is reached, the maximum sensitivity of the measured plasticity parameter for various metals is achieved.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.