vestiftИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия физико-технических наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series1561-83582524-244XThe Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1561-8358-2023-68-4-280-292vestift-817Research ArticleМАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ, МЕТАЛЛУРГИЯMATERIALS SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING, METALLURGYКерамоматричный композит из карбида кремния и допированного азотом наноструктурированного углерода для электродов суперконденсаторовCeramic matrix composite based on silicon carbide and nanostructured nitrogen-doped carbon for supercapacitor electrodesСоловейД. В.SoloveiD. V.

Соловей Дмитрий Владимирович – кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории радиационно-конвективного теплообмена.

Ул. П. Бровки, 15, 220072, Минск

Dmitry V. Solovei – Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Senior Researcher in the RadiationConvective Heat Exchange Laboratory.

15, P. Brovka Str., 220072, Minsk

solovei@hmti.ac.byhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-3186ГринчукП. С.GrinchukP. S.

Гринчук Павел Семенович – член-корреспондент Национальной академии наук Беларуси, доктор физико-математических наук, заведующий отделением термофизики и заведующий лабораторией радиационно-конвективного теплообмена.

Ул. П. Бровки, 15, 220072, Минск

Pavel S. Grinchuk – Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Dr. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Head of the Department of Thermophysics and Head of the RadiationConvective Heat Exchange Laboratory.

15, P. Brovka Str., 220072, Minsk

gps@hmti.ac.byКияшкоМ. В.KiyashkoM. V.

Кияшко Михаил Викторович – научный сотрудник лаборатории радиационно-конвективного теплообмена.

Ул. П. Бровки, 15, 220072, Минск

Mikhail V. Kiyashko – Researcher of the Radiation- Convective Heat Exchange Laboratory.

15, P. Brovka Str., 220072, Minsk

manilmsteen@tut.byhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3236-7742АкуличА. В.AkulichA. V.

Акулич Андрей Владимирович – научный сотрудник лаборатории радиационно-конвективного теплообмена.

Ул. П. Бровки, 15, 220072, Минск

Andrei V. Akulich – Researcher of the Radiation-Convective Heat Exchange Laboratory.

15, P. Brovka Str., 220072, Minsk

akulich.av@mail.ruИнститут тепло- и массообмена имени А.В. Лыкова Национальной академии наук БеларусиA.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus202308012024684280292Copyright © Соловей Д.В., Гринчук П.С., Кияшко М.В., Акулич А.В., 20242024Соловей Д.В., Гринчук П.С., Кияшко М.В., Акулич А.В.Solovei D.V., Grinchuk P.S., Kiyashko M.V., Akulich A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestift.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/817

Представлены результаты исследований по получению пористого керамоматричного композитного материала C–N/SiC из карбида кремния и допированного азотом наноструктурированного углерода. Материал сформирован посредством прессования микропорошка (1 мкм) карбида кремния и пропитки раствором карбамида (источ ник азота) в фенолформальдегидном лаке (источник углерода), сушки и пиролиза в атмосфере азота. Получена максимальная при 50 °С концентрация карбамида в растворе (16 мас.%) с вязкостью 134,3 мПа·с. Термогравиметрический анализ в азоте высушенного раствора выявил многостадийное разложение с остаточной массой C–N 48 % при 1000 °С. Исследования элементного состава показали содержание азота 1,4 мас.% в композите C–N/SiC (до 7 % от активной массы C–N). В структуре композита углерод-азотный слой C–N (до 12 мас.%), распределенный внутри пор матрицы и покрывающий зерна SiC, является рентгеноаморфным и обладает комплексным наноразмерным рельефом со средним размером пор 1,0–1,5 нм. По данным электрохимических исследований удельная емкость материала C–N/SiC и активного слоя C–N составляет 16,84 и 153,2 Ф/г соответственно, а эквивалентное сопротивление тестовой суперконденсаторной ячейки с электродами C–N/SiC равно 0,567 Ом для образцов с максимальным допированием. Электроды работают по сорбционно-десорбционному механизму накопления и отдачи заряда, что характерно для классического суперконденсатора, работающего на двойном электрическом слое без присутствия окислительно-восстановительных реакций на электродах. Выявлено влияние технологических режимов пиролиза на электрофизические параметры ячейки: более низкие значения температуры пиролиза и давления азота в камере позволяют повысить удельную емкость материала и понизить эквивалентное сопротивление ячейки. Полученные результаты демонстрируют возможность применения C–N/SiC-материала для изготовления электродов суперконденсаторов.

The results of studies on the production of a porous ceramic-matrix composite material C–N/SiC from silicon carbide and nitrogen-doped nanostructured carbon for subsequent use as supercapacitor electrodes are presented. The material is formed by pressing silicon carbide micropowder (1 µm) and impregnating with a solution of carbamide (nitrogen source) in phenol-formaldehyde varnish (carbon source), curing and pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere. The maximum concentration of carbamide was obtained in the solution (16 wt.%) at 50 ºС with a viscosity of 134.3 mPa⋅s. Thermogravimetric analysis in nitrogen of the cured solution revealed multistage decomposition with a residual mass of C–N of 48 % at 1000 ºС. Studies of the elemental composition showed a nitrogen content of 1.4 wt.% in C–N/SiC composite (up to 7 % of C–N active mass). In the composite structure, the C–N carbon-nitrogen layer (up to 12 wt.%) distributed inside the matrix pores and covering the SiC grains is X-ray amorphous has a complex nanoscale relief with an average pore size of 1.0–1.5 nm. According to electrochemical studies, the specific capacitance of the C–N/SiC material and the C–N active layer is 16.84 and 153.2 F/g respectively, and the equivalent resistance of the test supercapacitor cell with C–N/SiC electrodes is 0.567 Ohm for samples with maximum doping. The electrodes operate according to the sorption-desorption mechanism of charge accumulation and release, which is typical for a classic supercapacitor based on a double electric layer without the presence of redox reactions on the electrodes. The influence of technological regimes of pyrolysis on the electrophysical parameters of the cell is revealed: lower values of the pyrolysis temperature and nitrogen pressure in the chamber lead to an increase of the material specific capacitance and reduction of the cell equivalent resistance. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility of utilizing C–N/SiC material for the manufacture of supercapacitor electrodes.

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