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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestift</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия физико-технических наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-8358</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-244X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-3-253-264</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestift-855</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ И ПРИРОДНЫХ СИСТЕМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSTICS AND SAFETY OF TECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENT SYSTEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вероятностный анализ аварийных сценариев больших течей первого контура реакторной установки типа ВВЭР</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Probabilistic safety analysis of the large primary circuit leakages accident scenarios in the VVER-reactor</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалычева</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhalycheva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михалычева Эллина Александровна – старший научный сотрудник</p><p>а/я 119, 220109, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elina A. Mikhalycheva – Senior Researcher</p><p>P. O. Box 119, 220109, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ella_mikh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трифонов</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trifonov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трифонов Александр Георгиевич – доктор технических наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией</p><p>а/я 119, 220109, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander G. Trifonov – Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Professor, Head of Laboratory</p><p>P. O. Box 119, 220109, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tral@sosny.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Объединенный институт энергетических и ядерных исследований – Сосны Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Joint Institute for Power and Nuclear Research – Sosny of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>253</fpage><lpage>264</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Михалычева Э.А., Трифонов А.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Михалычева Э.А., Трифонов А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikhalycheva E.A., Trifonov A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestift.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/855">https://vestift.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/855</self-uri><abstract><p>В рамках оценки безопасности АЭС с реактором ВВЭР выполнен вероятностный анализ аварийных сценариев с большими течами первого контура, которые имеют небольшую частоту возникновения, однако последствия развития такого аварийного процесса могут вызвать тяжелую аварию с повреждением ядерного топлива в реакторе и требуют тщательного исследования. При проведении вероятностного анализа разработаны логико-вероятностные модели методом построения деревьев событий с использованием программного кода RiskSpectrum. Вероятностный анализ аварийных сценариев больших течей первого контура эквивалентных диаметров Ду 249–850 мм позволил выявить критические пути и вероятности развития аварийных последовательностей, определить наиболее значимых вкладчиков в снижение безопасности реакторной установки. Критическим путем развития аварии с большими течами при работе энергоблока во всех режимах работы является аварийная последовательность (АП) с течью трубопровода к компенсатору давления. Наибольший вклад в невыполнение функций безопасности при возникновении больших течей первого контура вносят отказы по общим причинам элементов системы аварийного впрыска низкого давления теплоносителя в первый контур, а также элементов обеспечивающих систем. На основании результатов проведенных исследований разработаны рекомендации по повышению надежности выполнения системами функций безопасности при возникновении больших течей первого контура во всех эксплуатационных состояниях энергоблока АЭС.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Probabilistic safety analysis of the loss of coolant accidents in the VVER-type reactor plant has been performed taking into account the internal initiating events of the reactor primary circuit large leakages. Swedish program code RiskSpectrum PSA was used for probabilistic safety analysis. Logical probabilistic models of the accident scenarios of the large primary circuit leakages in the VVER-type reactor were developed taking into account different operation modes of the power plant unit. Critical paths and probabilities of the accident scenarios occurrence of the large leakages were identified. The critical path of development of the reactor primary circuit large leakages accident with large leakages of 140–346 mm diameters is the accident sequence with a leak in the pipeline to the reactor pressurizer vessel. It has been established that the greatest contribution to the failure of safety functions during this initiating event is made by the failures due to common causes of the supporting systems (cooling and ventilation systems), critical consumers cooling circuit, emergency injection system. The critical path of the accident with large leakages of 346–850 mm diameters is the accident sequence with the rupture of any of the four primary circuit loops. The greatest contribution to the failure of safety functions during this initiating event is made by the failures due to common causes of the emergency injection system elements. Based on the accident analysis, recommendations for increase of performance reliability of safety functions during the large leakages accidents under all operation states of the nuclear power plant unit were given. In order to increase reliability of safety systems, it is necessary to eliminate failures due to common causes of equipment, increase the reliability of operation of supporting systems, change the maintenance and checking equipment procedures.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атомная электростанция</kwd><kwd>вероятностный анализ</kwd><kwd>аварийные сценарии</kwd><kwd>системы безопасности</kwd><kwd>исходные события аварий</kwd><kwd>логико-вероятностные модели</kwd><kwd>течи первого контура реактора</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nuclear power plant</kwd><kwd>probabilistic safety analysis</kwd><kwd>accident scenarios</kwd><kwd>safety systems</kwd><kwd>initiating events</kwd><kwd>probabilistic safety models</kwd><kwd>reactor primary circuit leakages</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа подготовлена в рамках выполнения Государственной программы научных исследований «Энергетические системы, процессы и технологии» на 2021–2025 годы, задание 3.1.05, НИР 2 «Разработка логико-вероятностной модели протекания аварийного сценария больших течей первого контура в реакторной установке типа ВВЭР. Выявление наиболее значимых вкладчиков в снижение безопасности реакторной установки».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the work was prepared as part of the implementation of the State Research Program “Energy systems, processes and technologies” for 2021–2025, task 3.1.05, research 2 “Development of a logical and probabilistic model for the occurrence of an emergency scenario of large primary circuit leaks in a VVER-type reactor plant. Identification of the most significant contributors to reducing the safety of the reactor plant”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Верификация расчетных кодов ТЕЧЬ-М, КОРСАР/ГП по результатам экспериментов на крупномасштабном стенде ГЕ2М-ПГ / А. В. Морозов [и др.] // Изв. вузов. Ядер. энергетика. – 2012. – № 3. – С. 129–139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozov A. 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