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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestift</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия физико-технических наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-8358</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-244X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1561-8358-2024-69-4-307-317</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestift-866</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭНЕРГЕТИКА, ТЕПЛО- И МАССООБМЕН</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POWER ENGINEERING, HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Повышение надежности высокотемпературных электрических нагревателей типа радиационная труба на основе методов теории графов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Increasing the reliability of high-temperature electric heaters of the radiant tube type based on graph theory methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-3186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гринчук</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grinchuk</surname><given-names>P S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. П. Бровки, 15, 220072, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel S. Grinchuk – Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Dr. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Head of the Thermophysics Department </p><p>15, P. Brovka Str., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gps@hmti.ac.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лузин</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Luzin</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лузин Владимир Георгиевич – директор</p><p>ул. П. Бровки, 15, 220072, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir G. Luzin – Director</p><p>15, P. Brovka Str., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pts2024xto@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт тепло- и массообмена имени А. В. Лыкова Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «ПромТермоСистема»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>“PromTermoSistema” LLC</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>307</fpage><lpage>317</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гринчук П.С., Лузин В.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гринчук П.С., Лузин В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grinchuk P.S., Luzin V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestift.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/866">https://vestift.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/866</self-uri><abstract><p>Выполнен анализ особенностей работы электрических нагревателей закрытого вида типа радиационная труба. На основе опыта эксплуатации радиационных труб производства компании «ПромТермоСистема» (Беларусь) показаны ключевые аспекты, влияющие на долговечность нагревателей. В качестве основных технических проблем рассматриваются плотное расположение нагревательных элементов (металлических прутков) в малом объеме и связанные с этим электрические пробои электроизоляционных керамических вставок. На основе теории графов предложен метод анализа коммутации нагревательных элементов при их плотной упаковке, который позволил найти новые рациональные схемы коммутации. Метод основан на построении нумерованных графов на отверстиях в керамическом элементе для нагревательных прутков и нахождении графа с минимальным весом. По смыслу построения графа его вес пропорционален максимальной разности потенциалов между прутками. Найденные схемы коммутации снижают максимальную разность потенциалов на керамических изоляторах на 35–50 %, от 70 В до 35÷45 В, а напряженность электрического поля – от 10 кВ/м до 5,0÷6,5 кВ/м. Это позволяет пропорционально увеличить надежность и долговечность нагревателей, уменьшить вероятность электрических пробоев керамики. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The analysis of the operating features of closed-type electric heaters of the radiant tube type is performed. Based on the operating experience of the radiant tubes manufactured by “PromTermoSistema” LLC (Belarus), the key aspects affecting the durability of the heaters are shown. One of the main technical problems is the dense arrangement of heating elements (metal rods) in a small volume and the associated electrical breakdowns of electrically insulating ceramic inserts. Based on graph theory, a method is proposed for analyzing the commutation of heating elements with dense packing, which made it possible to find new rational commutation schemes. The method is based on constructing numbered graphs on the holes for heating rods in the ceramic element and finding the graph with the minimum weight. According to the meaning of constructing a graph, its weight is proportional to the maximum potential difference between the rods. The found commutation schemes reduce the maximum potential difference on ceramic insulators by 35–50 %, from 70 V to 35÷45 V, and the electric field strength from 10 kV/m to 5.0÷6.5 kV/m. This allows proportionally increasing the reliability and durability of heaters, reducing the probability of electrical breakdowns of ceramics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электрический нагреватель</kwd><kwd>коммутация</kwd><kwd>теория графов</kwd><kwd>электрический пробой</kwd><kwd>высокотемпературная электроизоляционная керамика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electric heater</kwd><kwd>switching</kwd><kwd>graph theory</kwd><kwd>electrical breakdown</kwd><kwd>high-temperature electrical insulating ceramics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гринчук, П. C. О проблемах развития отечественных технологий цементации конструкционных сталей / П. C. Гринчук, В. М. Константинов // Наука и инновации. – 2023. – № 1. – С. 19–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grinchuk P., Konstantinov V. 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