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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestift</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия физико-технических наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-8358</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-244X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1561-8358-2026-71-3-198-211</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestift-952</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ, МЕТАЛЛУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIALS SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING, METALLURGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Поверхностное легирование нержавеющих сталей с использованием волоконного лазера</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Surface alloying of stainless steels using a fiber laser</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубев</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubev</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Голубев Валерий Сергеевич – кандидат физико-математических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела индукционных технологий и термической обработки</p><p>ул. Академика Купревича, 10, 220084, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery S. Golubev – Cand. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Leading Researcher of the Department of Induction Technologies and Heat Treatment</p><p>10, Academician Kuprevich St., 220084</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gvs_fti@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вегера</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vegera</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вегера Иван Иванович – кандидат технических наук, доцент, директор</p><p>ул. Академика Купревича, 10, 220084, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan I. Vegera – Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Associate Professor, Directo</p><p>10, Academician Kuprevich St., 220084</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vegera@phti.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Физико-технический институт Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Physical-Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>198</fpage><lpage>211</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Голубев В.С., Вегера И.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Голубев В.С., Вегера И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Golubev V.S., Vegera I.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestift.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/952">https://vestift.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/952</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучены возможности поверхностного легирования нержавеющих сталей мартенситного, аустенитного и ферритного классов (95Х18, 04Х18Н9, 03Х17 соответственно) излучением волоконного иттербиевого лазера с максимальной мощностью 2 кВт. Для легирования использовались порошки ряда химических соединений: карбиды – WC, B4C, TiC, Cr3C2, бориды – W2B5, TiB2. Слой легирующего материала формировался на поверхности предварительно шликерным способом. Толщина нанесенного слоя составляла ~ 150 мкм. Для исключения интенсивного выгорания обработка проводилась при подаче в зону облучения инертного газа – аргона. Исследовалось влияние режимов легирования на микроструктуру, микротвердость, химический состав, качество легированных зон и их геометрические размеры. Отмечено, что максимальные глубины легированных слоев достигались при максимальном энерговкладе излучения при мощности 2 кВт и минимальной скорости сканирования 1 м/мин и находились в пределах 900–1800 мкм. При этом в режиме максимального энерговклада происходит достаточно неплохое перемешивание расплава и в нем практически отсутствуют такие дефекты, как поры и трещины. В зоне легирования, как правило, формируется мелкодисперсная гетерофазная структура в зависимости от рода легирующего материала и режимов лазерной обработки с выделениями исходных легирующих или дополнительно образованных фаз. В целом картина изменения микроструктуры и микротвердости для одинаковых легирующих материалов была схо- жей для всех исследованных сталей. Самые высокие микротвердости в пределах 8300–16500 МПа, 6000–10000 и 9500–13500 МПа в легированных слоях сталей соответственно 03Х17, 04Х19Н9 и 95Х18 достигались при использовании карбида бора (B4C). Проведенные эксперименты по лазерному легированию показали принципиальную возможность поверхностного упрочнения сталей ферритного и аустенитного классов типа 03Х17 и 04Х18Н9 и дополнительного упрочнения сталей мартенситного класса типа 95Х18. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы с целью повышения эксплуатационных свойств, например износо- и коррозионной стойкости, изделий из этих классов сталей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The potential of surface alloying of martensitic, austenitic, and ferritic stainless steels (95Cr18, 04Cr18N9, 03Cr17, respectively) using a ytterbium fiber laser with a maximum power of 2 kW was studied. Powders of a number of chemical compounds were used for alloying: carbides (WC, B4C, TiC, Cr3C2), borides (W2B5, TiB2). A layer of alloying material was preliminarily formed on the surface using the slip method. The thickness of the applied layer was ~ 150 μm. To prevent intense burnout, the treatment was carried out while supplying an inert gas (argon) to the irradiation zone. The effect of alloying modes on the microstructure, microhardness, chemical composition, quality of alloyed zones, and their geometric dimensions was studied. It was noted that the maximum alloyed layer depths were achieved at maximum radiation input of 2 kW and a minimum scanning speed of 1 m/min, ranging from 900 to 1800 µm. Moreover, at maximum energy input, the melt is fairly well mixed, and defects such as pores and cracks are virtually absent. A finely dispersed heterophase structure typically forms in the alloying zone, depending on the type of alloying material and laser processing modes, with precipitation of the original alloying phases or additionally formed ones. Overall, the pattern of microstructure and microhardness changes for the same alloying materials was similar for all the steels studied. The highest microhardness values, ranging from 8300 to 16500 MPa, 6000 to 10000 MPa, and 9500 to 13500 MPa, were achieved in the alloyed layers of 03Cr17, 04Cr19N9, and 95Cr18 steels, respectively, using boron carbide (B4C). Laser alloying experiments demonstrated the fundamental possibility of surface hardening of ferritic and austenitic steels such as 03Cr17 and 04Cr18N9, and additional hardening of martensitic steels such as 95Cr18. The results obtained can be used to improve operational properties, such as wear and corrosion resistance, of specific products made from these steels.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лазерное легирование</kwd><kwd>поверхностный слой</kwd><kwd>микроструктура</kwd><kwd>микротвердость</kwd><kwd>распределение элементов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>laser alloying</kwd><kwd>surface layer</kwd><kwd>microstructure</kwd><kwd>microhardness</kwd><kwd>element distribution</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Григорьянц, А. Г. Технологические процессы лазерной обработки / А. Г. Григорьянц, И. Н. Шиганов, А. И. 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