This article presents a spectral thermography method for monitoring the spatial temperature distribution in the molten bath during additive manufacturing of metal parts, along with the experimental setup designed to implement this method. The approach is based on multispectral imaging across four narrow-band spectral channels using a single image sensor. The method was experimentally tested on an electron beam additive manufacturing system. The raw experimental data exhibited characteristic distortions caused by partial material deposition on the protective camera window. A dedicated preprocessing algorithm was developed to compensate for these distortions. Experimental results from electron beam additive manufacturing system demonstrate the feasibility of detecting relative temperature changes during the additive synthesis process. At the selected frame capture rate, periodic temperature fluctuations are observable in the spatial temperature maps, correlating with the specific cladding mode parameters. The overall pattern of the spatial temperature distribution in the mol - ten bath shows a high degree of consistency with theoretical predictions reported in earlier publications. These findings confirm the potential for further application of the proposed approach in temperature regime monitoring during additive manufacturing processes.

The problem of electromagnetic ecology and its relevance for electric vehicles are considered. The effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding of new materials – multilayer structures of gradient and symmetrical type – has been studied, and the levels of electromagnetic fields generated by the engine of an experimental electric vehicle in various operating modes have been determined. The effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding of single-layer alloys (Ni₈₀Fe₂₀, АNMSM172) and multilayer structures АNMSM172/Al/Ni₈₀^Fe₈₀ ^{and Ni}₈₀^Fe₂₀^/Al/Ni₈₀^Fe₂₀ formed on their basis has been experimentally evaluated. It has been shown that electromagnetic screens based on these materials significantly reduce the levels of low-frequency electromagnetic radiation exposure to humans, which allows us to approach the hygiene standards recommended by doctors and ensure electromagnetic compatibility requirements for the normal functioning of various electronic components and components of electric vehicles. 

A model is presented for the effect of the thickness of the crystallizer roll bandage on the roll profile in the tworoll method of rapid melt hardening. It is established that by changing the wall thickness of the roll band, the profile of the resulting strip can be adjusted. In addition, an increase in the length of the distribution nozzle under constant conditions contributes to a more uniform expansion of the central part of the roll, which is associated with the formation of a more uniform thermoelastic stress state in the bandage. Experimental studies have shown that an increase in the nozzle length and a decrease in the wall thickness of the bandage reduce the unevenness of the thermal expansion and reduce the deformation of the roll profile. These parameters directly affect the characteristics of the hardened crust and, as a result, the quality of the resulting strip after rolling. Obtaining a thin continuously cast strip makes it possible to completely exclude a number of operations from the technological chain, leaving only cold rolling mills and finishing equipment. This makes it possible to reduce capital costs and energy consumption, as well as improve the environmental friendliness of production. The use of efficient two-roll rapid melt quenching technology provides high quality steel products at low selling prices. This technology fits well with the concept of “micro-mills” for the production of steel strip in small batches and a specific range in accordance with individual customer requirements. The research results can be used in the design of equipment for two-roll rapid melt quenching, in particular in the design of a roll crystallizer.

The method of calculation of the drying process of thin flat materials on the basis of the equation of drying kinetics, which establishes the relationship between the values determining the heat exchange by the heat transfer coefficient and moisture exchange by the relative drying rate, is presented. On the basis of the drying kinetics equation, the heat exchange process is fully described by moisture exchange data. An experimental method for calculating the material temperature during the period of falling drying rate for drying porous ceramics, sheet asbestos and woollen felt is considered. The dependence of relative drying rate on relative moisture content and an experimental method for calculating the heat transfer coefficient for the period of falling drying rate are given. A method for determining the drying rate from the value of drying rate during the period of constant rate and relative drying rate is proposed. Equations for calculating drying intensity and heat flux density are presented.  Comparison of calculated values of drying parameters according to the obtained formulas with experimental ones for drying of ceramics, asbestos and felt is given. Experimental data processing methods and formulas obtained are of practical importance for calculating the kinetics of drying various wet materials.

Currently microstructured heat exchangers are widely used in heat dissipation systems to increase the cooling intensity of high-power electronic components. They also hold promise for electromechanical sensors and microfluidic chips for laboratory-on-a-chip (LOC). This research aims to address key manufacturing challenges associated with maintaining the characteristic dimensions of microstructures at high aspect ratios. A combined method for fabricating precision metal microstructures is presented on the basis of ultraviolet dry film photolithography with electrochemical deposition from copper and nickel sulfate electrolytes. A comparative analysis of the metal particle deposition rate and the edge effect characteristics during the fabrication of nickel and copper microstructures leading to the fusion of elements into dense dendritic formations is carried out. The influence of the conductive frame shape on the quality, geometry, and uniformity of layer growth on the substrate during horizontal deposition in an electrochemical metallization system is noted. Square-type microstructures with height of 100 ± 5 μm, characteristic size of 180 ± 5 μm, and interelement pitch of 90 ± 5 μm is obtained, while maintaining vertical sidewalls, good adhesion to the substrate, minimization of defects during metal deposition and precise reproducibility of the microstructure geometry. The developed technology ensures the formation of mechanically stable microstructures capable of withstanding extreme hydrodynamic loads.

The feasibility of using silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) in a visualizer for determining infrared laser power was  assessed. The  study subjects  were  the  ON  Semi FC  30035  p⁺–p–n⁺  silicon  photomultipliers  (SiPMs)  manufactured in the USA. Such a device has a photosensitive surface area sufficient to match the surface area of the visualizer, which contains the phosphor. Phosphor-coated films were created for the study at the Optics, Optoelectronics, and Laser Engineering State Scientific Research Institute. The study demonstrated uniformity of the silicon photomultiplier sensitivity across the entire photosensitive surface of the photodetector. It was demonstrated that the use of phosphors in conjunction with SiPMs allows for expanding the spectral sensitivity of the silicon photodetector to wavelengths of 1490 and 1550 nm infrared radiation. It was found that the maximum signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved with SiPM supply voltages corresponding to its breakdown voltage for the visualizer when applying infrared radiation with wavelengths of 980, 1490, and 1550 nm. The feasibility of using silicon photomultipliers in the visualizer to determine the infrared radiation power is demonstrated. 

The study presents the results of applying an iterative approach to optimizing automated multi-criteria ionizing radiation dose distribution models for stereotactic spine radiotherapy. Two models were used: SRT_Vert_BM (Baseline Multicriteria Model) and SRT_Vert_IM (Iterative Multicriteria Model). The former was built on a clinical dataset of dosimetric plans, while the latter was created using an iterative method where the training dataset was formed from plans generated by the baseline model. Validation demonstrated that SRT_Vert_IM provides statistically significant improvements in predictive performance (increased coefficient of determination R², reduced mean squared error MSE) and dosimetric parameters for bilateral parenchymal organs at risk (p < 0.05) while maintaining clinically acceptable target volume coverage. Iterative training enhanced the reproducibility and reliability of dosimetric plan quality, confirming the potential of this approach for advancing automated treatment planning.