Dependence of grain size of alloyed high-strength steels of austenitic, bainitic, maraging classes on temperature and degree of deformation at non-stationary intensive plastic deformation by explosion has been studied. A model which enables to calculate dispergating limit value considering dependence of coefficient of grain-boundary diffusion on degree of deformation and temperature is constructed. The results of calculations by the offered formula and their comparing to experimental data show satisfactory coincidence. A rejection is 3–5%. It is set that the intensive growing shallow under the action of high-speed flowage the explosion of alloyed high-strength steels takes place at the degrees of deformation 20–30%. Increase of degree of deformation to 30–40% does not cause the change of size of grain. At deformations more than 40–50% the accumulated flowage causes additional local warming-up of material and development of recrystallizational processes, sizes of grain increase as a result. At deformations higher 50–60% appearances of cracks in materials is possible.

Problems of measurement of hardness by the dynamic indentation method are discussed. It is shown that an excess of dynamic hardness over static one can be described by the coefficient, which is a function of material properties and test conditions.
In framework of the dislocation theory the influence of strain rate on hardness value is shown, and the difference in ratio between static and dynamic hardness can be explained by different crystal structure of materials.With the help of the device IPM-1K the experimental diagrams of dynamic loading of various metals: steel, aluminum, bronze, brass, copper, titanium were obtained. A method of calibration of dynamic hardness testers for calculation of the Brinell hardness without using standard hardness test blocks was proposed.

Analysis of deformation behaviour of fluoroplastic-4 in the conditions of mechanical affect.Polymeric materials and, in particular, fluoroplastic-4 and modifications on its basis are widely used in industry. Unique properties of a fluoroplastic make it irreplaceable constructional material and provide a high demand for production of details of different function. The work is devoted to the analysis of deformation behavior of fluoroplastic in the conditions of loading and to studying of possibility of manufacturing of fluoroplastic products by a method of cold forming of the pressed preparations without the subsequent operations of heating and thermofixing of the sizes of a ready detail. On the basis of the numerous researches of the polymer in various laboratories, authors undertake attempt of creation of mechanical model of fluoroplastic and substantiation of possibility of application of theoretical methods and the approaches, developed for low-molecular materials, to calculation of fluoroplastic products. A technological process of manufacturing of cutting fluoroplastic rings obtained by winding a tape preparation on cylindrical pilot is considered, and possibility of creation a theoretical base for design and calculation of a tool allowing cold deformation to obtain a product of demanded shape and size is studied. By results of the analysis it is established, that owing to high crystallinity of fluoroplastic, obtained at polymerization and increasing at recrystallization processes, its structure can be considered as completely crystal, homogeneous and isotropic, corresponding to materials studied in the mechanic of solid deformable bodies. Neglecting to the presence in structure of an insignificant amorphous phase and its influence on the deformation mechanism, mechanical behaviour of fluoroplastic at power influence it is possible to consider as the process including only two deformations – elastic (consisting truly elastic and highly-elastic, submitting to certain values to Hooke’s law) and residual, growing out of structural reorganization of a material. At the same time, exactly recrystallization, leading to occurrence of irreversible deformations, it is necessary to accept as a limit state of a material, and as settlement limit pressure it is necessary to use a limit of recrystallization of a material. On the basis of generalization and analysis of results of researches concerning a structure of fluoroplastic, changes of its structure at power influence and character of arising deformations, authors founded and proved for the first time a possibility of acceptance of the model of solid crystal body for the polymer and application of approaches and settlement techniques developed in the mechanic of solid deformable environments for classical low-molecular materials to the mathematical description of its deformation behavior at loading.

It is established that in magneto static fields, which can really be used in industrial equipment, the magnitude of electromagnetic energy is not sufficient for phase equilibrium changing. However, in pulse magnetic field, ones can obtain the changing of phase equilibrium for surface layer of ferromagnetic work material. The thickness of material layers is comparable with skin depth. It is shown, that the magnetic-pulse action on ferromagnetic sample surface provides conditions for formation of small-dispersed structure when the temperature approaches to the Curie temperature. In the presence of strong magnetic field, deformations of ferromagnetic regions arise due to magnetostriction, which are displaced relative to paramagnetic regions localized near the grain and domain boundaries. It leads to a disintegration of ferrite grains and to formation of an anisotropic structure since the regions with specific orientation of crystal planes are disintegrated by magnetostriction.

The influence of nature of magnetic field on processes of magnetic-electric hardening and magnetic-abrasive machining of machine parts is examined. Modes of magnetic-electric hardening are set in order to obtain the highest process stability. A scheme of magnetic-abrasive machining is offered to intensify the process by regenerating the ferro-abrasive brush.

Coefficients calculation methods for systems of differential equations are developed. These coefficients are calculated by the results of multimass model elements displacement function and loading function measurements obtained during bench tests.The obtained results can be used for verification of complex mechanical systems, models and finite element models of rod structures.

High efficiency, stepless regulation of speed and power increasingly attracts consumers and manufacturers of technological mobile machines, especially agricultural, to use multi-flow transmissions. To date, amongs 80% of the world market of tractor equipment, produced by leading manufacturers, 18% are tractors with hydrostatic-mechanical transmissions. The aim of this work is to develop a methodology for determining the ability to work of hydrostatic-mechanical transmissions possible schemes. From the literature it is known that 12 single-circuit (with one differential) and 288 double-circuit (with two differentials) there can be only the main structural schemes of hydrostatic-mechanical transmissions. To achieve the aim, a method for estimating an ability to work of possible schemes of hydrostatic-mechanical transmissions according to the criterion of continuity of the function of angular velocities of the links from the regulation parameters of hydraulic machines is proposed. To implement the proposed method, a methodology of calculation of kinematic and power parameters by means of appraising and solving equations that describe the interaction between the elements of single-circuit and double-circuit schemes of hydrostatic-mechanical transmissions, is developed. Analytical dependences for determination of points of discontinuity of the second kind of function of angular velocities of links from the regulation parameters and the working volume of hydraulic machines, the gear ratio of planetary gear set of differential, are determined.
The calculation algorithm and the software for selection of the inoperative scheme of hydrostatic-mechanical transmissions are developed. For example, by means of calculations and analysis of variants of schemes for wheeled tractor of tractive class 4, the conditions under which the transmission loses ability to work due to exceeding of angular velocities of links their allowable values, were defined. As a result, the method allows excluding from consideration 5 variants of single-circuit schemes and 257 variants from the 576 double-circuit schemes of hydrostatic-mechanical transmissions.

Currently velocity unevenness of forming pasta matrix over the cross section is an unsolved problem, both in domestic and in international practice.
The construction of the matrix is one of the key factors influencing technical and economic indicators of pressing work. The matrix includes a cylindrical body with wells located on concentric circles, liners mounted within wells, shaping with through holes that are grouped in the nests.
The aim of the work was to develop a methodology and establish it by the ratio between plastic and viscous components of the total hydrodynamic resistance in the flow of pasta dough in the channel of step-variable cross-section. The technique of determining the minimum pressure of the molding that is required to overcome the yield stress in shear (ultimate shear resistance) pasta in the channel of circular, annular, rectangular and arbitrary cross-sections, is developeds. Computational evaluation of this pressure in the molding of the dough of first and higher grades and test on the basis of polyrope used for industrial types and sizes of channels with stepped variable cross-section is made. It is shown that in general the hydrodynamic resistance is dominated by the contribution of the component due to viscous shear deformation in the course. An approximate method of estimating the speed and power of flow parameters pasta in the channels of step-variable cross section using the model of Bingam is proposed. The research results can be used in the design of the forming equipment, as well as in the development of methods of calculation of processes of formation and pasta dough.

The results of an experimental study of the thermal decomposition of tar formed in sawdust pyrolysis are discussed. The study was performed under static isothermal conditions at temperatures 500, 600, 700 and 850°C using a laboratory reactor.
The reactor is equipped with an electrical heater, which allows heating of the studied tar samples up to 1273  °C. The reactor consists of a reaction chamber made as a stainless steel cylinder with a diameter of 2 cm and a height of 10 cm.
The temperature in the reaction chamber was recorded using a thermocouple and a temperature meter-controller «Pine-002», providing the measurement of temperatures up to 1273 °C with the accuracy of ± 0,01  °C.
Samples of the tar produced at the pyrolysis of sawdust at 450  °C were installed into a quartz vessel and kept in the reaction chamber until they reached constant weight. This required about 60 minutes at 500  °C and about 5 minutes at 850°C and is a result of a homogeneous decomposition of tar. The initial weight of tar samples was about 1.5 gram. The change in their weights was determined at regular time intervals using the Stoll electronic balance with a relative error of 2%.
On the basis of the performed studies it was found that the apparent activation energy of a homogeneous decomposition of tar is equal to approximately 63.1 kJ/mol.
It was found as well that the rate of tar decomposition increased when samples of natural Belarusian dolomites were placed into the reaction zone . This increase is due to the occurrence of a heterogeneous catalytic reaction of tar decomposition. The apparent activation energy of this process was determined to be equal to 57.2 kJ /mol which is consistent with estimations of other researchers.
The conclusion about the prospects of natural dolomite Belarus as catalysts of thermal decomposition of heavy hydrocarbons generated during the thermochemical conversion of biomass has been drawn on the basis of the established results.

An approach to the decision of mathematical problems with use of modelling random variables, the method which has received the name of Monte-Carlo is considered. The given method has got the greatest popularity for numerical calculation of high frequency rate integrals because it is rather easily realised on modern computers.
Possibility of use Monte-Carlo method for statistical approximation of radar-tracking data distributions at which the initial density of probability is replaced with its discrete analogue, which formed on the basis of random samples (particles) weights is illustrated. Nonlinear transformations of observable data are widely used at the decision of some problems connected with processing of random realisations of observable signals (radar-tracking, radio navigating, coherent, etc.) Noted transformations inevitably lead to transformation of distribution laws of the solving statistics which results it is rather difficult described by analytical methods. In article the basic features of application statistical approximation method for typical distributions, formed as a result of nonlinear transformations of radar-tracking observation data are considered. It is shown, that at some nonlinear transformations errors of law the distributions approximations caused by effect «scanty» of sample are observed. It is shown, that the effect «scanty» samples is overcome by a resampling of random particles in
a vicinity of the most significant samples. The resulted material allows to expand a scope of the numerical methods, based on use of modelling random variables.

Аn overview of main characteristics of modern non-linear radiolocators is presented. The main factors that negatively affect the health of operator are identified. The analysis of the effective methods of searching, detection and identification of covert radioelectronic means is carried out. It is noted that the accuracy of the radio-electronic means identification depends on the selection criteria of the classification system. It presents a fundamentally new way to recognize the type of semiconductor based on the use of a special probing AM-signal with suppressed carrier (DSB-signal). The possibility of automated identification on the basis of developed method of nonlinearity recovery is demonstrated. The results of modern and developed methods in the form of a chart of their performance are provided. The block-diagram of hardware-software system developed for detection and identification of covert radioelectronic means is designed. The term «identity portrait» is deseribed. A method for producing an identification portrait is introduced. The work presents the real current-voltage characteristics of I307G and D18 diodes and reconstructed ones performed by calculating the approximating polynomial coefficients of the third degree. Identification portraits of I307G and D18 diodes are provided.

A robust method of normalizing barcode images scanned with a mobile device based on iterative threshold binarization, forming the edge binary image, Hough transform, correction of the angular position of the boundary points and the projective transform is developed. The results of the computer simulation are presented. The method provides the invariance to conditions of printing and lightening (image rotation invariance in the range from -450 to 450, and noninform barcode image illumination invariance) due to using procedures of preprocessing, boundary corner point localization and geometric distortion compensation of the digital barcode images.

The article discusses the possibility of improving the characteristics of the Belarusian space system of Earth remote sensing resulting from the implementation of multilevel information-integrated structure. The statement of this problem is related to the limitations that are typical for the shooting of the Earth’s surface from space, caused by both natural (insufficient viewability), and technical (inadequate recording equipment) factors. The proposed configuration of the multi-level information complex includes, besides the traditional space and ground segments, also an aviation segment and another supplementary ground measuring segment. And the aviation segment can contain both manned and unmanned aerial vehicles of different kinds, equipped with the necessary target equipment, and the supplementary ground segment – the system of accurate positioning. The main technical characteristics of the target devices that can be used to implement the complex are considered. As an example, the forecast of information capabilities of the complex for the solution of geodetic problems was considered: integration of such heterogeneous information resources at the stages of issue of the flight missions and complex data processing can significantly increase the likelihood of obtaining the necessary information for consumers.

Currently space industry development sets key macro-economic indicators in the country. It influences on such indicators as value and growth rates of GDP, improves competitiveness of industrial products and whole economies. The paper contains information about main areas of using space activity results in military and civilian spheres, the analysis of the current conditions and prospects of development of the world market of space services aimed at meeting peoples’ needs. The authors create a mathematical model for estimating and predicting market capacity given actual trends of reducing space service cost in the world in order to assess development of equipment and technologies in the field of space activities. The paper contains the forecast of changes in the volume of purchases and capacity of space service market until 2026.