The analysis of the reports presented at the IV International scientific conference «Nanostructured materials-2014: Belarus - Russia - Ukraine» has been carried out by theoretical and experimental studies in the field of the methods of obtaining and properties of nanostructured alloys, ceramics, composite, magnetic and carbon materials and coatings from nanomaterials, methods of certification and application. The new directions in which nanomaterials and nanotechnologies will soon be demanded and the problems of serial use have been shown.

The principles of producing composite materials based on titanium diboride with a metal binder and coatings from them with improved wear resistance have been studied. Composite powder TiB₂/(Fe-Mo) having a grain size of titanium diboride of 80-500 nm fairly uniformly distributed in the material volume, was obtained by a combination of mechanical activation and SHS. Testing of detonation coatings from the composite powder TiB₂/(Fe-Mo) has been carried out. The designed composition shows promise for strengthening machine parts and mechanisms operating in conditions of abrasion and friction without lubrication.

The paper reports on comparative studies of mechanical strength and hydraulic permeability of open-cell vitreous carbon foams manufactured by different methods. Vitreous carbon foam were manufactured either by infiltration of the epoxy precursor resin into a layer of pore-forming removable granules or by replication of a structure of polyurethane foam template with the phenolic precursor resin followed by pyrolysis of the precursor resins in neutral gaseous environment. It was stated that the vitreous carbon foams manufactured by the replication method had higher hydraulic permeability compared to the vitreous carbon foams manufactured by infiltration, but had poorer mechanical strength at similar cell diameter and within similar relative densities range. Recommendations for the use of the studied foams in various areas have been proposed.

Existing standard methods for determining the porosity of metallic and nonmetallic materials are described. It is shown that there are no direct standard methods microscopically based on determination of areas occupied by pores that can be used for determination of porosity. In particular, standard methods that would use image processing programs are not available.

The results of studies showing the effects of hot plastic deformation on the processes of forming graphite inclusions and hardening of metal matrix are presented. Found that with increasing degree of hot plastic deformation, not only the shape of graphite inclusions changes, but their redistribution in the plane of the section changes also, which affects the anisotropy properties of nodular iron. Based on these results a conclusion is made that with the help of hot plastic deformation it is possible to obtain the specified strength characteristics of ductile iron.

The analyses of important characteristics of high purity niobium were done. The results of a study of structure and mechanical properties of welding joints, superconducting characteristics of the material after joining of welded components of superconducting radio frequency cavities are presented. The manufacturing technology of SRF niobium cavity using liquid impact forging, electron beam welding and chemical polishing was developed. The paper also describes the results of testing of the SRF 1.3 GHz single-cell niobium cavity manufactured in the PTI NAS of Belarus.

A free solid body S regular movement in accordance with some wanted time-space rule is considered. This movement is effected by a system of forces, including the appropriate distributed mass forces of inertia of the body, its constant force of gravity and the two variables in magnitude and in the direction of the tensile force of the pair associated with the body flexible control leashes. Leashes tension forces, adequate to these conditions and the rule of the wanted movement of the body S are defined. A mathematical model of such movement is presented.

A new model of 2D(r,0) asymmetric stress/strain state taking into account the change of displacements, stresses and strains as a function of radial and circumferential coordinates has been suggested. А numerical solution to solve steady stress/ strain state problem under creep, swelling and thermal strain has been obtained. А method and algorithm of the numerical analysis of long cylindrical solid bodies have been offered. The obtained results can be used at design and development of a wide class of problems for power engineering and nuclear power. The proposed mechanical model and numerical method can be the basis for the development of «Best Estimate» computer code to simulate the behavior of structural elements and components of the equipment in a whole spectrum of extreme operational modes, including emergency situations.

Differential equation for transverse bending vibrations of prismatic beam of finite length for homogeneous linear elastic and viscoelastic uniformly aging materials was obtained. The solution of this equation is a function of Weber. The solution is generalized to the case of flexural vibrations of structurally inhomogeneous composite bodies. The natural frequencies of bending vibrations of prismatic beam depending on the modulus of elasticity for a homogeneous linear elastic material, as well as the instantaneous elastic modulus and creep kernel for hereditary viscoelasticity equations uniformly aging material also were obtained.

In a small-size tube (diameter 20 mm and length less 1 m) the cyclic detonative regime is implemented with combustion of heptane / air / oxygen mixtures. Conditions of the deflagration-to-detonation transition were established with regard to the influence of thermal activation and porous obstacle. Analysis showed that a slight increase in mixture temperature prior to its ignition causes under certain conditions the detonation initiation at various distances from initiator. The presence of a porous packing in the mixing zone is a factor that substantially accelerates a deflagration-to-detonation transition.

Experiments on ultrasonic treatment of water and hexadecane in air at an elevated static pressure were performed. In what follows, an optimal treatment regime was chosen. Acoustic energy and light flow initiated by cavitation bubbles at collapse were used as optimal criteria of the optimal treatment regime. A maximal yield of light fractions of hexadecane is shown to occur when a 50% mixture of hexadecane and water was treated within an assigned regime. A total content of the light paffin hydrocarbons formed during treatment of pure hexadecane comprises 7.6%, whereas during treatment of this mixture their content increased by 17%. Main products of the cavitation action are represented by n-alkanes and their isomers as well as by a small amount of autooxidation products.

The common statement of a task is shown and the description of strategy at the choice of optimum structure of a power system chart of the load is presented. The criterion of optimization is the traditional parameter - a minimal charge of fuel on thermal power station. The main function of the task is defined in the field of existence of this function formed with the help of the system of condition - technological restrictions.

А problem of automatic description of form features of parts is considered. In order to describe form features of parts а model is given. Thе model is based on the analysis of discrete surface segments. In order to systematize form feature of parts as body of rotation а method is offered. In order to automatically create templates of structural-geometrical description of form feature of parts the technique is shown by systematization principles.

The device-process simulation of the high-voltage silicon diode was performed at its forming in three types of epitaxial film: 1) 17.0SEPh2.0 (silicon doped phosphor of electron type conductivity with the thickness d = 17 μm and resistivity of p_v = 2.0 Ohm^.sm); 2) 25.0SEPh6.0 (d = 25.0 μm, p_v = 6.0 Ohm^.sm); 3) 25.0SEPh20.0 (d = 25.0 μm, p_v = 20.0 Ohm^.sm). Technological process parameters of diode structure making were defined and its design data was calculated for three types of epitaxial film, the comparison of calculated values with typical ones obtained experimentally was carried out. It was determined that the difference between calculated values and typical ones obtained by experiment is not more then ±10%. The device modeling of diode was performed and it was investigated how the thickness and resistivity of epitaxial film influence on structural and electrical features of diode.

It is proved that under certain conditions, non-primitive Hamming codes are quadratic residue codes, and can be at arbitrarily large minimum distance. Therefore, unlike primitive Hamming codes without decoding the primitive have unlimited possibilities.

The results of theoretical analysis of interaction of two electromagnetic waves with hydrocarbon environments over hydrocarbon deposit are presented. A comparison with two-frequency regime is carried out. The recommendations for development of search methods for hydrocarbon deposits are given.

А technology of anaerobic treatment of raw and active sludge with biogas production based on research work is developed. It includes preliminary enzymatic treatment of mix of sludges with combine of preacidification stage at 50 °C with gravity separation of suspension on clarified liquid and concentrate of suspended solids. Clarified liquid goes to anaerobic digestion with biogas production to UABS-reactor, and concentrate enters methane tank. Effectiveness of technological processes is confirmed by experimental data. The developed technology provides intensification of biogas production and reduction in capital costs due to processing of 60-70% from total volume of sludge mix in high effective UASB-reactor.